Classification of representative and high-value biological reaction products and typical cases

Product application production mode/host insulin diabetes treatment of E. coli or yeast fermentation (recombinant DNA technology) monoclonal antibody (such as Adalimumab) autoimmune disease, cancer mammalian cell (CHO cell) bioreactor vaccine (such as hepatitis B vaccine, HPV vaccine) prevention of infectious disease

Yeast (hepatitis B surface antigen), insect cell or CHO cell antibiotics (penicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, etc.) anti infectious actinomyces, fungi and other microbial fermentation enzyme drugs (such as asparaginase, uric acid oxidase) cancer, gout treatment microbial fermentation ursodeoxycholic acid/synthetic.

Bezoar hepatobiliary disease, traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations (such as Angong Niuhuang Pill) Biological pathway of microbial transformation or synthesis (see 2025 report) NMN (β- Nicotinamide mononucleotide) anti-aging supplement, engineered bacterial fermentation (alternative chemical synthesis), paclitaxel precursor (such as paclitaxel), anticancer drug raw material, yeast or plant cell bioreactor (synthetic biology)

Remarks on product application Fungal protein/mycelium protein replacement protein, artificial meat such as the high protein mycelium of Hunan Muen Biology (>50% protein), equivalent protein vitamins (B2, B12, C precursors, etc.) 

Nutrition enhancers such as Bacillus subtilis producing vitamin B2 amino acid (L-lysine, L-glutamic acid/monosodium glutamate) feed additives, condiments Corynebacterium glutamicum and other large-scale fermented organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid) food acid flavor agents, biodegradable plastic materials Aspergillus niger (citric acid).

Lactic acid bacteria sweeteners (erythritol, Arhat fruit glycoside precursor) sugar substitute Yeast or engineering bacteria fermentation enzyme preparation (α - amylase, lipase, rennet) food processing, cheese production Bacillus

Product application: Microbial pesticide (Bacillus thuringiensis Bt toxin), biological insecticide, agricultural antibiotic (Jinggangmycin, Chunleimycin), antifungal and antibacterial, single-cell protein (SCP), high protein feed (replacing fish meal and soybean meal), probiotics (lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis), animal intestinal health regulation

The product uses bio based material monomer (such as 1,3-propanediol, succinic acid), degradable plastics (such as PTT, PBS), spices and essence (perilla alcohol, raspberry ketone), high-end daily chemicals, food essence (reported in 2025: perilla alcohol reaches 11.4 g/L), biosurfactants (sophorase lipid, rhamnolipid).

Environmental protection cleaner, oil mining ergothioneine antioxidant, used in cosmetics (Zhejiang Huarui Biology: a 5-meter fermentation tank produces thousands of square meters of "mushrooms" equivalent in three days)

Product/Application Description: Bioethanol/Biobutanol Fuel Alternative, produced by anaerobic fermentation of cellulose or sugar fermented biogas (methane) to treat organic waste. Biological desulfurization/denitrification agents are used for industrial waste gas and wastewater treatment. The S-90 fermentation tank is used to convert garbage and sludge into organic fertilizer or biomass fuel (see 2025 research)

Hemoglobin substitute: cell-free fermentation production

Difficulty in natural extraction (such as bezoar and paclitaxel), high chemical synthesis costs or significant pollution

Strong biological activity, low dosage, and high price (such as antibodies and vaccines) in line with the green and low-carbon trend (such as bio based materials and alternative proteins) policy support+market explosion (such as GLP-1 drugs and anti-aging ingredients)